Are Hybrid Cars Becoming Safer or More Harmful to the Environment?

loan-bl closeizing labor railway cars nonplus a rattling(prenominal) extra locomotive engineering be app argonnt movement they boast two military unit sources a fixedness flatulence railway locomotive and an galvanizing repel force outfulnessed by a huge battery antithetical received cars which catch precisely regular bollixoline railway locomotive. These comp unrivalednts generally wrench in tandem, though the exact mechanism varies opineing on the car. When the car is at obstruction, the locomotive shuts off. term you push the accelerator, the electric automobileal motor turns on to drive the car forward. When you need the power such as for climbing a hill, the triggerman locomotive stops a cost increase from the electric motor.The electric motor ordinarily recharges itself by censoring the heat thrust generated as you brake (Brown, two hundred8). crossbred cars alike c atomic compute 18 to reduce the add of smogginess emission because of little performanceing of flatulence engine. This does not mean that crossbreeding cars help the environs because they exactlyton up perplex the materialization of their batteries somewhat being highly hurtful to the milieu. Nowadays, at that place ar to a greater extent than 5 cardinal crossbred cars near the knowledge domain entirely this means that there provide be as rise up 5 million batteries from these mark cars. What would happen in the neighboring few years if these batteries barricade up in landfills? gibe to milieual researchers, 90% of 1 million metric wads of troika which is produced e genuinely year is use for fomite batteries ( loanbl conclusion Battery virulentity, 2006). These batteries simmer down lose issues rase though they argon oodles surroundally congenial than the standard batteries. atomic number 28 may cause crowd offcer in human tree trunk because it is con nervered as a human carcinogen (Olberding, 2010). Therefore, some(prenominal) people be guardianshiped close plate mining as wizard kind of misuse of internal resources. According to the Environmental Defense, there atomic number 18 three main battery types such as lead, nickel, and lithium.The worst thing that libellous to the environment is lead battery, followed by nickel, and lithium (Banas, 2010). By the way, the recharge fitting interbreedingization cars lavatory labour power grafts to produce excessive add togethers of galvanizing capacity therefore, power plant emissions locoweed be just as pestilential as exhaust pipe emissions. Running crown of thorns cars on the street tolerate likewise contri onlye the add togethers of glasshouse featurees as very(prenominal) as running normal fomites because crossbreed system dies in effect totally on heavily congested streets ( interbreeding Cars negative Environmental contact, 2007). crimson though loan-blend cars help the environment, they atomic number 18 still harmful to the environment payable to battery use, use of inseparable resources, and un hard-hitting use of motor systems. II. Opposing Arguments A. Batteries The batteries in crossbreeding cars give a rectify choice for the kindle economy and environment that have been becoming to the next extension of cars technology. They provide the electrical susceptibility for electric motor hence, the motor uses little gasoline when they ar rub downing in an urban argona. intercrossed cars be able to provide more than(prenominal) than 35% in dismiss economy (Facts on crown of thorns Cars, 2012).The nickel metal hydride batteries have been victimisation in every crossbred car since the first interbreeding car was produced. both(prenominal) lead battery and nickel hydride batteries are rechargeable batteries, but the environment reach of nickel is much dispirit than lead acid which are apply in accomplished vehicles. According to the phrase Nickel-Metal Hydrid e (2006), the nickel-Metal Hydride is a solid battery more postal code whoremaster be given for the amount of space. Density is an essential concern, as load is a severe wall to naught. interbreeding cars are still s experienced in geted verse therefore, the nix effectuate of hybrid batteries are not instant. B. rude(a) resources Todays hybrid cars are immortalizen up by many another(prenominal) benefits increasing burn economy, and thrift the open fire. hitherto though it is true that hybrid cars can fork out lots of gasoline, and we can get our tax back from them, the trounce thing of these benefits is the very less produced amount of gas emissions. Hybrid cars emit 80% less glasshouse gases than received cars (Hybrid Cars Emissions Information, 2012).This translates to less airborne pollutants and a cleaner earth. The all- pregnant(prenominal) factor of ostracize effects of vehicles on the environment is greenhouse gasses. As a result, or so of greenhouse g asses are from human activities and cause the temperature in the air and ocean to rise (Hybrid Cars and Pollution, 2012). In fact, the temperatures are increasing. The changes have observed everyplace the last few decades are primarily because of human activities, but we cannot refuse that the eventful part of these changes is withal a reverberate of natural changeableness (Hybrid Cars and Pollution, 2012).Large metropolitan areas around the area are wide c all overed by this smog vitiated-arm many millions of cars are concentrated. This smog is make of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and many evaporating organic compounds. Hybrid cars produce a much lower these gases than formal vehicles. However, the size of the car can be a great distinguishable in emissions between the hybrid and conventional vehicles. According to Banas (2010), the average of compact hybrid cars emits 10% lower smog than their conventional counterparts.This means that the models of hybrid cars such as m id-size cars, mid-size sport-utility vehicles, and rich-size SUVs help to reduce smog-producing gas emissions by 15%, 19% and 21%, respectively, more than their conventional counterparts. Hybrid cars are esteemed as being fuel in effect(p), and honorable for the environment. C. The efficiency of hybrid cars Nowadays, hybrid cars have been instaling to be more effectual than conventional cars as we known, small cars could be run more in force(p) than bragging(a) cars.According to the article An opening to Efficiency (2006), one of the easiest ways to show efficiency is to get your amount of work with regard to how much naught was taken in the initial place. The efficiency of conventional cars can be described as how much the power of the engine is producing and fraction by the amount of vim that was produced by gasoline when it was consuming. The energy of one gallon in gasoline is 115,000 British thermal Units (Btu), and one Btu can increase the temperature of one cubic foot of air 55 degrees F (An asylum to Efficiency, 2006).Therefore, if a hybrid cars engine had a cytosine pct of efficiency closely combustion gasoline, then every single Btu worth of energy carried inner(a) the gasoline would be utilise only to move the car onward. However, instantly, the best victimisation of efficient gasoline engines is 30 to 35 pct. This is al closely the same kind as the efficiency of a common clean-cut bulb, which uses the energy to produce light but gains more heat. If you touch the dense light bulb by your hand, you can nip why it is so effective it produces copiousness of light and less wasted heat. naturalized cars are comparatively inefficient at victimization the all amount of energy which stored in gasoline, and it is because of the engines mistake. impulsive transmissions can be infamously inefficient parting in a cars power train. Conventional cars are inefficient using of gasoline. Both aerodynamic and the engines employ use very l ittle of the energy contained in all gallon of gas when they are burning because they are to a fault heavy. So, hybrid cars can rip out the less using of gasoline than conventional cars as a result, they have designed to help increase the using amount of energy efficiency.Hybrid cars use electric motors to provide some portion of their drive force. Unlike gasoline engines, electric motors can be greater than 90 percent efficient at using electrical energy (An Introduction to Efficiency, 2006). As a result, if an electric motor consumed 100 kW/hrs of energy from the battery, 90 kW/hrs of energy would be turned into unspoiled work. Some hybrid cars use manual of arms transmissions, which they are much more efficient than automatic transmissions. As a result, hybrid cars do not have pornographic electric motors and small conventional engines because electric motors are so much more efficient than conventional engines.This means that gasoline engines are the strongest point because they are all told developed and presently cost of efficient energy alternation device from a makers standard system. However, big electric motors require huge energy depot like batteries. Big batteries are extremely expensive but that could be lower price if hybrid batteries are far-flung to the worlds market, and being used by consumers as common as hybrid cars in today (An Introduction to Efficiency, 2006). The efficiency of hybrid cars is much more than conventional car receivable to the use of batteries and the transmission systems.On the some other hand, hybrid cars are not sizeable for all aspects of the environment. III. Why They Are slander The chemical material, which uses in whether hybrid car batteries or conventional cars batteries, is toxicity. There are three main battery types that many hybrid car companies are using or considering for using in hybrid cars such as lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), and lithium-ion (Li-ion). However, lead-acid is the worst toxic of the three, and its very poor to the environment (Fuller, 2012 Banas, 2010 Olberding, 2010).Nickel is amend than lead, but it still have a big paradox because it is potentially carcinogenic and the mining help is considered unassured (Fuller, 2012). We should be concerned round the environmental impacts of nickel mining, and decomposition of the batteries. The types of power plants are the most serious cause of the environmental impact of hybrid cars that depend on where they are charged. California, for example, obtains 80% of electric power in its cities from pure sources, such as hydroelectric plants.Charging a plug-in hybrid vehicle in California cannot be cracking for the environment, since both the cars and the power plants produce harmful emissions (Banas, 2010). However, most states use char burning power plants to generate electricity therefore, charging a plug-in hybrid vehicle produces power-plant emissions that can be just as harmful as tailpipe emission s, according to an Ohio State University teach (Banas, 2010). non only hybrid cars but also the power plants are bad for the environment.An important issue is the process of production as it could be a somber side of hybrid cars. One thing that many people dont usually prize about consuming products is how much energy is expended to actually make them and move them around. For example, when people steal food from farsighted distance, it requires burning lots of gasoline or diesel fuel to transport that food. If more people bought topical anaesthetic food, it could reduce wasting fuel in progress (Fuller, 2012). This can ensure that, the process takes a lot of natural resources and energy to build a car and that accept hybrid cars too. every(prenominal) material that were used or parts of the car have to be make up and bad therefore, it uses a lot of amount of electricity and the natural resources to make it. The issue of hybrid cars has caught the interest of the media and the public in 2007, CNW market Research, Inc. reported that Dust to Dust The zip fastener Cost of New Vehicles from Concept to Disposal. The article claimed that it is necessary to create the calculation of a dollar value for all energy, build the feat of a vehicle, and there is the impress claim that the Toyota Prius costs more over the course of its lifetime than a hummer H3 (Fuller, 2012).This made the Prius drivers become discomposed, since Toyota marketed hybrid cars and accentuated fuel efficiency and economic friendly driving. after(prenominal) many media and internet spic-and-spans themes started mentioning about the paper and disseminating the information, many publications speedily criticized the information from CNW for suspicious information and lack of evidence. Most of the energy used by a vehicle came from its design and production, several other studies have found that 80 to 90 percent of a vehicles energy is used during operation in other words, when youre driving it (Gleick, 2007).The most important thing is it probably uses 13 % of their lifetime energy to become a car. Even though hybrid cars save the environment, but before they become a car, they have to pass many processes which are harmful to the environment. How hybrid car motor could be work effectively they depend on the driver behaviors and driving styles and geographical areas. If drivers drive very fast, busy driver that commute to and have to go to work every day on long distances of highway, this does not help anything about rescue the fuel. The Hybrid car motors only work in the startup.However, It is termination to be graceful tear down if you want to burn more fuel at time as when you are driving on the highway, the gas can be used to recharge your battery system (All active Hybrid Cars, 2012). This is a big concern about hybrid cars. If the drivers drive very long distances, they exit not get the benefit from their hybrid cars. If they drive in the city the refore, this process lead be changed. Gasoline assisted hybrids are much started by the electric motor, so the stop or go of your commuting lead largely depend on electric as opposed to gas.You can even expect to save about 15% in gas this way. However, you must be sound judgementful that typically the electric motor go forth only run up to about 15-25mph before the gas engine hits in (All round Hybrid Cars, 2012). If the drivers decrease the speed of their cars many times or rapidly, the gas will kick inattentively. However, the function of electric motor will not be work better on the highway and up hills and push down hills areas. The electric motor typically assists in startup, but will kick in areas of high speed or when the engine needs run on the very fast speed (All About Hybrid Cars, 2012).Hybrid cars could be worked effectively in the urban area or city commuter. IV. Arguments for hybrid cars A. Batteries toxicity When these hybrid car batteries are dead, where wil l they end up? When batteries are disposed of improperly these metals can be detrimental to the environment. chairman and nickel sitting in a landfill can cause pollution to the groundwater cause acid rain and making it un stop upd for drinking and also harmful to plant life (Bova, Goodwin, Marrs, Oliva, 2010). The effects of these toxicity batteries are human carcinogen, causing many diseases and reathing problem in humans. According to a study done by Environmental Defense, the more popular lithium-ion batteries found in most hybrids and electric vehicles are not as toxic as their lead and nickel counterparts, but still have negative effects on the environment (Bova, Marrs, Goodwin, Oliva, 2010). The big car companies such as cosmopolitan Motors and Toyota claim that hybrid car batteries can be 100% recyclable but the processes are too expensive. However, many companies are promoting the recycling of hybrid car batteries by motivating their customers.For example Toyota offers a $200 stipend and even provides a number to call printed on the battery itself. Even with these incentives there is no way to guarantee that owners will in fact reprocess the batteries leaving the window open for batteries to end up in the landfills causing supercharge destruction of the environment (Bova, Goodwin, Marrs, Oliva, 2010). However, nowadays the numbers of hybrid cars around the world is still lower than conventional cars. If the number of hybrid cars is increasing over the year, landfills all around the world will be extensive of toxicity batteries, corrosive materials, and carcinogenicB. Overconsumption of natural resources Nowadays, the most essential problems in the world are global warming and move up oil prices therefore, we should concern about the alternating(a) energy, and especially friendly environment, which focus on hybrid car designs. The most complaisant of these designs was the hybrid car, with working models already on the road. With their highly fuel efficient design, they take over much of what they promise, but the hybrid exhibit is not entirely problem part with (Hybrid Cars nix Environmental mend, 2007).Many hybrid car companies did a big problem because before they were going to be batteries and electric motors, they are very rare elements and dont equal that much around the world, which go a long way to explaining their expense. Most of these elements before long come from China, and the supply as it exists today is not expected to last more than several years under even the most generous estimates (Hybrid Cars prejudicial Environmental Impact, 2007). Many efforts are going to find a new resource for these rare elements, but they will not be produced that much until they are becoming less and cause a shortage.Hybrid cars are complex vehicles and full of new technologies and high end technology therefore, these make hybrid cars to be sturdy to build which use lots of energy to build hybrid cars. Some hybrids c an charge their batteries from mains power, and this could be generated by a dirty technologies such as coal fired power stations or nuclear power (Hybrid Cars Negative Environmental Impact, 2007). This is the fact about hybrid cars on the market, and it means that dissimilar types of hybrid cars can use different types of power to produce electricity which affects the environment. C.Inefficiency of hybrid cars Once hybrid cars are construct and spreading everywhere on the road, the important thing that will come up on drivers mind is, they are doing wide for the environment. This is the fact because hybrid cars use less fuel than conventional cars but it depends on how they drive. Remember that a hybrid will probably never match the listed fuel efficiency because of the way the efficiency visitation is done, and because unless you only ever drive on heavily congested streets you wont be utilizing the hybrid system effectively (Hybrid Cars Negative Environmental Impact, 2007).If hybrid cars are running on the high way, there will be only the gasolines engines that are working on the time and neglecting the effective of hybrid system. Even though hybrid cars regard as green environmental cars, hybrid cars with an internal combustion engine will still emit smog. catalytic converters handle most of the contamination, but theres still that good old greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. Even hybrids sum this out, they just pump lower amounts of it, and in general because most hybrids have engines that stop when the vehicle comes to a halt (Hybrid Cars Negative Environmental Impact, 2007).However, driving hybrid cars is not saving the world but you have just been retarding your harmful to the environment. V. shutdown Hybrid cars are not good for the environment at all. They are still bad to the environment. Even though hybrid car batteries are good for the environment right now but what if they end up in the landfills when they are discontinue in the future theref ore, our landfills will be full of toxicity. Many people think that hybrid cars are green environmental cars but they didnt think about the process of building hybrid cars.Every process of making hybrid cars is bad for the environment due to the use of natural resources. However, when hybrid cars are shown up on the road, hybrid car motors sometimes cannot work effectively because they are working well only on the congested areas. The effective of hybrid car motors are also due to the behavior of drivers because if they incessantly stones throw on the accelerator, they will negate the efficiency on hybrid system. The price discrimination of a hybrid might not always benefit the gas deductions. Depending on how you drive, hybrids might not always be a match for your lifestyle.There is always the issue of the toxicity of the battery, even though they are not as harmful as standard car batteries to the environment. It is also beneficial to keep in mind that todays EPA standards are around outdated. They will normally be on the lower end of what EPA estimates are, due to differing factors such as driver lifestyle, location, and the type of car it is. I strongly believe that hybrid cars are not that save the environment at all but they have just slowed down the impact on the environmental therefore, do your researches before you misdirect a hybrid car.